8/2/2023 0 Comments Nasa space shuttle launch 2013![]() Subsequent to the Apollo 13 mishap, due to NASA Administrator James M. Initially, the launches were given sequential numbers indicating order of launch, such as STS-7. Specific shuttle missions were therefore designated with the prefix "STS". Space Shuttle program was officially referred to as the Space Transportation System (STS). The Space Shuttle was retired from service upon the conclusion of STS-135 by Atlantis on 21 July 2011. A fifth operational orbiter, Endeavour, was built in 1991 to replace Challenger. Challenger and Columbia were destroyed in mission accidents in 19 respectively, killing a total of fourteen astronauts. ![]() Four fully operational orbiters were initially built: Columbia, Challenger, Discovery, and Atlantis. The first orbiter, Enterprise, was built solely for atmospheric flight tests and had no orbital capability. The Kennedy Space Center served as the landing site for 78 missions, while 54 missions landed at Edwards Air Force Base in California and once at White Sands, New Mexico. The program flew a total of 355 people representing 16 countries. ![]() The highest altitude achieved by the shuttle was 350 miles when servicing the Hubble Space Telescope. The shuttles docked with Russian space station Mir nine times and visited the ISS 37 times. The longest orbital flight of the shuttle was STS-80 at 17 days 15 hours, while the shortest flight was STS-51-L at one minute 13 seconds, cut short when the Space Shuttle Challenger broke apart during launch. During that time the fleet totaled 1,322 days, 19 hours, 21 minutes and 23 seconds of flight time. The first of four orbital test flights occurred in 1981, leading to operational flights beginning in 1982.įrom 1981 to 2011 a total of 135 missions were flown, launched from Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida. Operational missions launched numerous satellites (including the Hubble Space Telescope), conducted science experiments in orbit, and participated in construction and servicing of the International Space Station (ISS). Its official program name was Space Transportation System, taken from a 1969 plan for a system of reusable spacecraft of which it was the only item funded for development. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The Space Shuttle was a partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated by the U.S. ![]() Launch of Space Shuttle Columbia on 12 April 1981 at Pad 39A for mission STS-1 For missions flown by the Soviet Buran spacecraft, sometimes referred to as a space shuttle, see List of Buran missions. ![]()
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